How does pondweed adapted to its habitat

The management of Ranunculus calcareus by pre-emptive cutting in southern England. Proceedings, 7th international symposium on aquatic weeds. Wieczorek, M. Response and recovery of the macrophytes Elodea canadensis and Myriophyllum spicatum following a pulse exposure to the herbicide iofensulfuron-sodium in outdoor stream mesocosms.

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In: Distribution atlas of plants in the Flora Palaestina area, Jerusalem, Israel academy of sciences and humanities. Dobignard A, Chatelain C, Volume 1: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae.

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Thomaston W W, Biological Invasions. Grime's CSR strategies of the invasive plants in Croatia. Periodicum Biologorum. In: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences. Agricultural Research Washington. In: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on aquatic weeds, Uppsala, Sweden, August One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using.

Toggle navigation. Don't need the entire report? Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Generate report. Expand all sections Collapse all sections. Title Habit Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; habit and habitat. Title Habit Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; habit, showing leaves and stem. Title Habit Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; habit, close view, showing stem and leaves.

Title Leaves Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; close-up, showing leaves and stem. Title Leaves Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; close-up, showing leaves. Title Leaves Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; close-up of leaves and leaf base. Title Habit Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; habit. Note hand for scale. Title Plant parts Caption Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; plant parts: A aquatic habit; B submerged leaf arrangement in whorls of three, rarely four leaves; C male flower; D female flower, note petals narrower than sepals.

Summary of Invasiveness Top of page Elodea canadensis is a submerged aquatic plant of slower flowing rivers, native to North America. Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page Historically there has been much confusion in the classification of the species of the genus Elodea Family Hydrocharitaceae. Description Top of page Elodea canadensis is a dioecious, perennial, submerged aquatic macrophyte with elongated flexuous stems and long internodes which are clothed with whorls of sessile, minutely-serrate leaves and rooted from their nodes, typically in mud substrates.

Distribution Table Top of page The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Risk of Introduction Top of page Elodea canadensis has been intentionally introduced outside its natural range via trade in live aquarium plants, and has spread by escaping from garden ponds and during the disposal of garden waste near waterways.

Habitat Top of page Elodea canadensis can grow in a range of habitats, but prefers quiet ponds, lakes and slow-moving water with peaty or muddy silt substrates. Reproductive Biology Elodea canadensis is dioecious and male plants are less common than female in its native range. Physiology and Phenology Perennation is by densely-leaved crowded apices or turions.

Means of Movement and Dispersal Top of page Natural Dispersal Elodea canadensis can easily be spread by the transport of boats and equipment between waterbodies. Vector Transmission Biotic Pieces of fragment may become attached to aquatic animals, mammals, fish or birds Josefsson, and be transferred locally. Accidental Introduction Accidental spread of Elodea canadensis may occur via attachment of fragments to fishing equipment and boats Kozhova and Izhboldiana, ; Mjelde et al.

Nowadays, it is highly unlikely that this sort of pathway still exists Intentional Introduction Elodea canadensis was intentionally introduced into countries outside of its native range as an ornamental aquarium species via the trade in live aquarium plants, legal or otherwise Bowmer et al.

Economic Impact Top of page Both E. Environmental Impact Top of page Elodea canadensis can from dense monospecific stands which can outcompete native plants for both space and nutrients and displace other aquatic plants from many localities, resulting in a decrease in biodiversity NOBANIS, Social Impact Top of page Elodea canadensis can form large and dense stands that interfere with boating, fishing and thereby adversely affect recreation activities McGavigan, Uses Top of page Although E.

Prevention and Control Top of page Due to the variable regulations around de registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Early Warning Systems The recent development of qPCR primers and probes for Elodea at the genus and species level offers the potential to detect the species during the early stages of invasion Steinlage and Coleman, Prevention Vehicles, boats, equipment and clothing should all be checked for fragments of the plant to prevent E.

Control A range of management control options is available for E. Cultural Control Draw-down control has been found to be effective for E. Biological Control Control by aquatic herbivores has been investigated in numerous countries National Academy of Sciences, Aquatic Botany, 43 1 Adams, C. Journal of Ecology, 71 1 Barrat-Segretain, M. Hyacinth Control Journal, Boliotes D, CO;2 Boulos L, Journal of Ecology, 67 2 Holm, L.

Hercynia, 24 3 Lambertini, C. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67 8 Nikolic T, Aquatic Botany, Ripper CS, Blyttia, 53 4 Sculthorpe CD, Aquatic Botany, 51 Simpson DA, Botanica Lithuanica, 6 3 Stoler, A.

Distribution Maps Top of page You can pan and zoom the map. Select a dataset I want to see the distribution of this species based on the records CABI believe are most reliable. I want to see other datasets from third-party sources. Map Legends Display By. Map Filters Clear all filters Extent. Unsupported Web Browser: One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using.

Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Ok Cancel. Top of page. Title Habit. Title Leaves. Title Plant parts. Elodea canadensis Canadian pondweed ; plant parts: A aquatic habit; B submerged leaf arrangement in whorls of three, rarely four leaves; C male flower; D female flower, note petals narrower than sepals.

Dobignard and Chatelain Danin Revilla et al. Mohamed and Al-Shehri Q-bank Davis Wychera et al. Sculthorpe Branquart et al. Dandy Adamec and Ondok Sculthorpe Boliotes Keresztes and Horvath Dandy EPPO Sculthorpe Vinogradova et al. Sculthorpe Kozhova and Izhboldina Krasnoborov Palet et al. Govaerts Sher-Kaul et al. Kharchenko et al. Sculthorpe First reported in Scotland in Godfrey and Wooten Spicer and Catling Gomez Liogier and Martorell Oviedo Prieto et al.

Adams Westerdahl and Getsinger Anderson Thomaston Willey et al. Mitzner Westerdahl and Getsinger Aquatic plant species in Louisiana Lawrence Nichols et al. Peverly and Johnson Peverly and Kopka Quinn et al. Wood Simsiman Mitchell Bowmer et al. Ripper This means that the plants internal system that would otherwise be transporting these nutrients either does not function at all, or functions very slowly. These plants also do not have breathing holes in their leaves pores nor do they have the usual amount of protective tissue normal plants have that prevent a lot of water being lost.

The root system of pondweeds does not function, as do most plant root systems by providing nutrition. These roots only make sure the plant is anchored safely to the ground. The root hairs are sometimes not there at all, like in the case of the bladderwort. As would be expected, the leaves of pondweeds play the most important role in the life of the plant and each species of pondweed as a specific shape to its leaves.

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Back To Top. To overcome this, the leaves of curly leaf pondweed often have no stomata. This helps to reduce the loss of important gasses like carbon dioxide, which is an essential molecule for photosynthesis.

Amazingly, this incredible plant can also use bicarbonate ions in the water and soil as an additional carbon source for photosynthesis! So although we prefer to get our carbon from super tasty food like the pineapple bacon cheeseburger pictured to the left , curly leaf pondweed gets its carbon not only through carbon dioxide, but through bicarbonate ions and other minerals absorbed from the soil! That pineapple bacon cheeseburger is making me hungry!

My growling stomach makes me want to think about how curly leaf pondweed's nutrition works!