What do cracked nipples mean

Depending on the cause, nipple fissures can develop on one or both nipples. Symptoms can vary from person-to-person, but the trademark symptom is cracked, painful skin on the nipple or areola. It may also be accompanied by:. Many people find that keeping the affected nipple and surrounding skin slightly moist with a natural oil or moisturizer is an essential first step to treatment.

A study posted to the Journal of Caring Sciences found that lanolin, peppermint oil, and dexpanthenol creams all had a similar effect on nipple trauma in breast-feeding women.

Some people are concerned, however, that the use of any nipple cream may interfere with the natural environment where newborns establish breast-feeding. It is important to remember that too much moisture may make symptoms worse. Women who are breast-feeding should avoid non-breathable bra pads, as they can hold too much moisture against the nipple. During pregnancy, the glands surrounding the nipples secrete a natural oil that lubricates and discourages bacteria.

When washing this area, women should use only clean water that does not strip away this natural protection. Breast-feeding women may find relief from bathing their nipples in warm water and applying warm compresses to help soothe any irritation after the baby has fed.

Expressing some milk and rubbing it into the nipples before each feeding or pumping may also soothe irritation. Some people may find similar relief by applying diluted peppermint oil or peppermint water to the affected nipples between feeding.

Breast-feeding women with nipple fissures may also be able to avoid further complications by encouraging the baby to latch onto the breast with a full mouth, alternating breasts at each feed, or using a nipple shell between feeds to allow air to circulate to the nipple.

Using a nipple shield during breast-feeding may keep the nipple too moist, which might make symptoms worse. Athletes can often help the fissures heal by avoiding loose, rough, or scratchy shirts and covering the nipples with soft gauze or waterproof bandages while active.

If symptoms are left untreated, nipple fissures can lead to more serious complications, such as inflammation or infections. Breast infections may cause abscesses to form, which could require antibiotics , laceration, and drainage.

Nipple thrush is a possible complication in breast-feeding women. Babies with thrush may pass germs from their mouth into the breast milk. The Candida yeast that causes thrush can thrive in the warm, dark environment within the milk ducts, possibly leading to an infection. Many women find that cleaning the nipple in warm water after feeding can help remove the excess milk that may be home to germs.

While most people can treat nipple fissures successfully at home, there are occasions when it is better to see a doctor. Top of the page. Topic Overview Pain during breastfeeding is a sign of a problem and should not be ignored. This often is caused by: Improper positioning. Problems with latching on. A poor let-down reflex.

Inverted nipples. Sore nipples and breasts may also result from: The baby sucking for comfort "hanging out" without a proper latch after falling asleep at the breast.

Pulling the baby's mouth away from the breast without first breaking the suction. The baby having a short frenulum the frenulum connects the tongue to the bottom of the mouth. This is also called "tongue-tie. Make sure that your baby is latching on correctly.

View a slide show on latching to learn how to get your baby to latch on. To minimize discomfort, start breastfeeding on the side that is less sore for the first few minutes, then switch to the other side. The baby's initial sucking is usually the most vigorous. Express a little milk from your breasts right before a feeding.

This can help with the let-down reflex and soften nipples so that the baby can easily and gently latch on. Change your baby's position with each feeding. This changes the pressure from the baby's mouth to a different part of the breast. General breast care and treatment for sore nipples Allow some breast milk to dry on your nipples. Breast milk contains natural skin softeners and antibodies to fight infection, which can help heal nipples and keep them healthy. Video call.

This information is for your general information and use only and is not intended to be used as medical advice and should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any medical condition, nor should it be used for therapeutic purposes. The information is not a substitute for independent professional advice and should not be used as an alternative to professional health care. If you have a particular medical problem, please consult a healthcare professional.

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How to get baby to attach to your breast correctly Make sure you are sitting or lying comfortably. Position your baby so the first contact point is their chin on your areola — the coloured area around your nipple. Support your baby to move to where they are trying to go — towards your nipple. How to manage sore nipples Before putting baby to the breast Wash your hands and sit in a comfortable position and try to relax.

At the breast Poor attachment is a key cause of sore nipples. After the breastfeed Check your nipples for redness and misshapen appearance.

Finding the cause of cracked or bleeding nipples You will need to work out the source of your nipple problems. If your baby is poorly attached to the breast, the nipple is nearer the front of their mouth and can be pinched against the hard palate, causing pain.

Flattened, wedged or white nipples at the end of a feed are 1 sign your baby may not be properly attached. Your baby may also seem unsettled after feeds. Having sore nipples when you're trying to breastfeed a new baby can be stressful and upsetting. Learn more about expressing milk by hand. Bear in mind that self-help tips will not be effective if your baby is poorly attached during breastfeeds.